Verb

1. (South African) A method of informal execution in which a rubber tyre is filled with petrol, placed around the victim's neck, and set on fire.
   • May 29 2003: The Star:

     ''Frustrated residents tied the hands of two suspected criminals, put tyres around their necks and then set them alight. In a manifestation of growing disillusionment with the criminal justice system, residents of Bramfischerville, west of Johannesburg, on Tuesday abducted and necklaced two suspected burglars.

   • 2002 Buthelezi: A Biography by Ben Temkin

     Inkatha members have been hacked to death and necklaced, and their houses have been destroyed

   • 2000 Beyond Our Wildest Dreams: The United Democratic Front and the Transformation of South Africa by Ineke Van Kessel

     The first instance of necklacing occurred in March 1985 in the Eastern Cape township of KwaNobuhle.

Adjective

necklace (no or )

1. (South African) Describing a method of murder.
   • 4 August, 2004 Headline Pretoria News: Necklacing: 7 held.

     Seven people have been arrested in connection with Saturday's "necklace" murder of three men in the Tjokville informal settlement at Jeffrey's Bay.

   • 2000 Beyond Our Wildest Dreams: The United Democratic Front and the Transformation of South Africa by Ineke Van Kessel

     Several of the alledged witches in Apel and GaNkaone were also subjected to a necklace execution

   • 2004 A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Woman Confronts the Legacy of Apartheid by Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela

     In the fluidly unfolding events of a necklace murder, was there time and space to stop the killing?''

Derived terms

• necklacing
• pearl necklace

A necklace is an article of jewellery; which is worn around the neck. Necklaces are frequently formed from a metal chain; often attached to a locket or pendant. Necklaces can also be manufactured with cloth, and they sometimes contain rocks (particularly gems), wood, and/or shells.

Many Christians wear a cross or crucifix necklace which can differ in shape, size, material and color. However, others who are not Christian may wear a cross merely out of decoration.

History

Necklaces have been worn throughout history, by both men and women, and have been used as marks of distinction in many cultures, including the ancient Hebrew culture. Necklaces, handsome and richly ornamented, were a principal part of the dress, both of men and women, among the ancient Egyptians; and some idea of the number of jewels they wore (remarks Sir G. Wilkinson) may be formed from those borrowed by the Israelites at the time of the Exodus, and by the paintings of Thebes. They consisted of gold or of beads, of various qualities and shapes, disposed according to fancy and enriched with jewels.

Necklaces of gold thickly set with gems were worn by the Greeks and Romans of both sexes. There was a famous necklace of the most costly precious stones upon the statue of Vesta in Rome, to whose vengeance Zosimus attributes the tragic end of Serena, Stilicho's widow, who had despoiled her of it. By the command of Honorius she was strangled.

The necklace taken from the neck of the Hindoo King Jaipal, captured by Mahmud (A.D. 1001) was composed of large pearls, rubies, etc., and was valued at two hundred thousand dinars, or a good deal more than a hundred thousand pounds.

Homer mentions a necklace curiously wrought of gold interwined with amber, which Eurymachus presented to Penelope.

Types of necklaces

Bib Necklace A bib necklace is multiple strands of stepped pearls.

Choker A choker is 35 cm to 40 cm (14" to 16") long and sits on the base of the neck.

Dog Collar A dog collar necklace consists of multiple strands of pearls that lay close to the neck.

Graduated Necklace A graduated necklace consists of a single strand of pearls that has a large pearl in the middle, with the pearls gradually becoming smaller toward the clasp.

Matinee Necklace A matinee necklace is 55 cm to 60 cm (22" to 24") long and sits at the top of cleavage.

Opera Necklace An opera necklace is 75 cm to 90 cm (30" to 36") long and sits at the breastbone.

Princess Necklace A princess necklace is 45 cm to 50 cm (18" to 20") long. It is between choker and matinee length.

Sautoir or Rope Necklace A sautoir or rope necklace is any necklace longer than opera length.

Uniform Necklace A uniform necklace consists of pearls that appear to be all the same size, although normally there is a slight difference towards the ends so they appear to be in proportion.

See also

• Affair of the diamond necklace
• bracelet
• choker
• collar
• Figaro chain
• livery collar
• The Necklace
• omega chain
• torc

anklet, armlet, band, bangle, beads, belt, bijou, bracelet, breastpin, brooch, chain, chaplet, charm, chatelaine, cincture, cingulum, circle, collar, collarband, coronet, crown, diadem, earring, ecliptic, equator, fascia, fillet, finger ring, fob, gem, girdle, girt, girth, great circle, hoop, jewel, locket, neckband, nose ring, pin, precious stone, quoit, rhinestone, ring, stickpin, stone, tiara, torque, wampum, wristband, wristlet, zodiac, zone